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高考短文改错备考指南
目前高考中所使用的短文改错在语境中考查学生发现并纠正错误的能力。扎实的语言基本功加之认真的解题态度是取得高分的关键，但是掌握一些解题技巧也对正确答题有一定的帮助。
【解题步骤】
第一步：迅速浏览全文。短文改错所使用的篇章以记叙文为主。通过阅读全文，把握文章的主旨、时态等。
第二步：逐句寻找错误。一篇短文改错中，每个句子中的错误有0-2个。精读每个句子，找出自己认为的错误并改正。
第三步：再次通读全文。将自己修改后的答案代入原文并通读，看文章是否存在逻辑、语法方面的问题，同时要检查拼写是否正确。
【解题策略】
做短文改错时，同学们应当重点注意以下几点：
1. 看到名词、代词时，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误；
2. 看到固定短语时，要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失；
3. 看到多重结构句，要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误；
4. 看到转折、因果、对比等结构时，要检查是否有逻辑方面的错误；
5. 看到平行结构，要检查是否有时态、语态、词性不一致或成分缺失引起的句子不平衡错误。
【考点汇总】
纵观近年高考真题，我们不难发现这一题型的一些考查规律。希望下面的考点解读对同学们有启发作用。
一、冠词。主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及其在固定短语中的用法。
1. … and it takes them about a hour and a half …
（2017全国II卷）
【解析】考查不定冠词。此处指“一个半小时”。冠词后的hour的读音为元音音素开头，故应将a改为an。
2. Around me in picture are the things …
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】考查定冠词。此处特指作者上文一直在描述的那张照片，故应在picture前加the（或this）。
3. I still remember how hard first day was.
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查定冠词。表达“第一天”这个概念，day前面需要有冠词或代词修饰。故应在first前加the（或my）。
二、名词。主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。
1. … they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
（2017全国II卷）
【解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析。information是不可数名词，故应将informations改为information。
2. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” …
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据该句语境可知，教练说了很多，不止一个词。故应将word改为words。
三、动词。主要考查时态、语态等。
1. … once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查时态。通读全文可知，本文的主体时态是一般过去时。故应将goes改为went。
2. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】考查语态和时态。本句中有两处错误：took应改为taken，被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”；become应改为became，因为它与该句中的entered由and连接，构成并列关系。
四、形容词、副词。主要考查形容词和副词的辨析、比较级和最高级、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析等。
1. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop …
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查形容词和副词的辨析。根据suddenly前的a可知，stop在此句中作名词，修饰名词应用形容词。故应将suddenly改为sudden。
2. A few minutes late, the instructor …
（2017全国I卷）
… and collecting the late music albums.
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】考查形似形容词、副词辨析。late，比较级为later，作形容词时意为“迟到的，晚的”；作副词时意为“迟，晚”。later作副词时指“后来”。latest，形容词，“最新的，最近的”。这三个词形式上很相似，极易混淆。 根据语境可知，第一句中应为A few minutes later，几分钟后；第二句中应为the latest music albums，最新的音乐专辑。
3. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. （2017全国II卷）
【解析】考查副词的原级和比较级。由语境可知，本句中没有比较的对象，所以用原级即可。故应将earlier改为early。
4. … they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden … （2017全国II卷）
【解析】考查动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是“他们对在花园里种菜很感兴趣”。故应将interesting改为interested。
5. I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. （2017全国I卷）
【解析】 so much作副词单独使用或用于“so + much + 不可数名词”结构。此句中nervous为形容词，用so修饰即可。故应去掉much。2014年高考全国两套卷子中都考到了many / much的用法。
五、代词。主要考查各类代词的用法及指代错误。
This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】考查代词指代错误。上文作者一直在以第一人称介绍一张对自己很有意义的照片。故应将your改为my。
六、介词。主要考查介词的意义、用法。
1. They have also bought for some gardening tools.
（2017全国II卷）
【解析】buy是及物动词，buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物。本句中只是表达“买”这一概念。故应去掉for。
2. … I realize of how fast time flies.
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】realize为及物动词，后面不需要跟介词of。故应去掉of。
七、连词。主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用。
1. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
（2017全国III卷）
【解析】考查连词的误用。表示“不但……而且……”应用not only … but also …。故应将and改为but。
2. … I thought I had learned the instructor‘s orders, so once I started the car …
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查连词的误用。前后是转折关系，故应将表示因果关系的so改为but / yet。
八、从句的引导词。主要考查从句引导词的误用。
1. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
（2016全国I卷）
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。close to后接宾语从句，I live缺少地点状语，故应用where引导宾语从句。应将that改为where。
2. … planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
（2017全国II卷）
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，garden后跟的是非限制性定语从句，且引导词在从句中作主语。故应将that改为which。
九、非谓语动词。主要考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词的常见用法。
1. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查祈使句。引号中的三个结构为并列关系，所以不能使用动词-ing形式。故应将Turning改为Turn。
2. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
（2016全国III卷）
【解析】考查动词-ing形式作介词宾语。by是介词，其后应用动词-ing形式。故应将wear改为wearing。
十、数词。主要考查序数词的用法。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday …
（2017全国I卷）
【解析】考查序数词。“十八岁生日”就是“第十八个生日”，所以要用序数词修饰birthday。故应将eighteen改为eighteenth。
阅读了以上解题步骤和解题策略，你是否对短文改错有更清楚的认识了呢？对于高三学生来说，利用高考前的这半年多时间继续夯实语言基础还是非常重要的。同时，考场上如果能眼尖、心细，那么拿下短文改错这一题型自然不在话下！
高考英语短文改错15套模拟题
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。每篇作文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
一
One late spring day, I saw the wild turkey and several of her chicks along the road near my home. I slow to look at the lovely babies as they gathered around their mother‘s legs, but they rapid moved into the long grass. It may be a lot easy to see sights like this in the country, but even city people can find plenty nature to watch. I have a friend who keep a list of all the different birds she sees in her urban neighborhood. I once was stopped to watch ants hard at work near an anthill on the sidewalk. It was fascinated! In my opinion, share the world with other living creature is one of the things that make life interesting. Do you agree?
二
My favorite book is Black Beauty. It‘s a story that take place in nineteenth-century England. It‘s a kind of autobiography writing from the horse‘s points of view. The book describes its experiences with a variety owners. As a young horse Black Beauty lives a carefree life in a place when everyone is kind to him. Unfortunate, when the owner has to go abroad, he sells him to a family who are not so kind. He goes on to have a lot of pleasant experiences, which is a saddest part of the story. However, the story did all end happily. Although people think of it as a children‘s book, but this is a novel which forces us to think about the way we treat animals.
三
I have a gold-colored dog named Bobby who loves to be on photos. One day last summer, while live in a seaside house, I was trying to photograph sun setting on the sea over the edge of a wall of my place. Upon it seeing me hold my camera, my Bobby, which was two years old, climbed up the rocky rock and over towards me. She gets as close to the edge as quickly as she possible could. She stood tall, glancing back with her intelligence but innocent eyes in the direction of her camera. Then she smiled to show her tooth and wouldn‘t move until I took her photo!
四
My mother is always ready for rain days. On the night before my sister‘s ten birthday, she realized we didn‘t have the ‘1‘ and ‘0‘ candles need to top the cake. My 78-year-old grandfather was visiting, so we jumped in the car and head to the supermarket. Since it was not very much far, we arrived at our destination after we realized. While sorting through the numbered candles, my mother deciding to grab an extra ‘1‘ to be ready for next year. At checkout, the teenage cashier glanced at the candle, and then looked at my grandfather. “Is she 101 years old?” she asked confusedly.
五
This summer, my grandmother accompanies my family to Lijiang, Yunnan Province for a vacation. On the second day of our holiday, she complained of feel unwell, suspecting a bad case of indigestion. Luckily, my mother, the doctor, recognized the symptoms of a heart attack, and an ambulance called. Without my mother‘s assistant, my grandmother would likely have died that day. The experience touched me a lot of. I used to think that it would be tired to be a medical worker like my mother and I would rather do something in the future than become a doctor. So when I saw with my own eye how my mother saved my grandma‘s life, I made up my mind to be a doctor.
