托福阅读从16分到30分 逆袭打脸式阅读备考攻略分享
考生情况介绍
小左是上海某寄宿制国际学校的高二学生，初次参加托福考试得分较低，总分只有70分，而其中阅读也是得分最低的一科为16分。之后她通过为期3个月左右的备考，成功把托福考试成绩提升到了105分，阅读也一下子收获了30分满分的佳绩。
考生经历自述
我所在的班级属于留学班，班里的同学基本上都有高中毕业就出国读本科的意愿，平时大家对各种留学考试的分数什么的也比较关注。我在班里应该算是英语比较好的，平时自己也很喜欢看各种原版的小说。然后高二下半学期的时候决定考一下托福试试水。没想到因为准备不足，只考到了70分，而且自己自认为比较有把握的阅读得分最低，只有16分。
本来没考好就已经很难受，没想到在寝室里查分数的时候还被室友看到了，平时跟这个室友关系也一般，结果她就把我的分数宣扬的全班都知道了，然后就零零星星听到各种吐槽说就这水平还想出国/平时看那么多原版书阅读才这点分之类的怪话(没有当我面说，但几个关系比较好的闺蜜都有说给我听)。
一开始真的气到想炸，后来觉得必须打脸，我这个人性格也比较刚，所以埋头苦学了3个月，二战托福直接105，阅读特别争气拿到30分。查分的时候特意很大声在寝室里面说，看到那个室友的表情就暗爽到内伤，也算是成功打脸了。接下来我就说一下自己阅读备考的几个思路。
托福阅读备考提分思路指点
我的阅读备考思路主要集中在两点上，一个点是提升词汇量，另一个点是课外阅读积累。
1. 提升阅读词汇量
先说第一点，其实我自己的英语词汇量并不算差，但第一次考托福之前没有系统背诵过托福词汇，所以自己的词汇量其实和托福考试的词汇量不太对路，或者说深度有欠缺，在阅读这块就是很多词汇看着是认识的，但放在词汇题里考就有点搞不清楚，词汇题我应该是错的比较多的。
所以我3个月备考的时候重点就在背词汇上了。特别是托福背单词几本有名的词汇书，我基本上都仔细从头到尾背了不止一遍。我个人感觉就是，平时觉得自己词汇量不错的话考托福单词还是需要重新背的，因为有很多单词可能并不是托福考试要求的词汇，像我看了不少原版的小说，其实里面有很多词汇是托福考试词汇里没有的，只能说考托福在背单词这方面还是需要功利一点，该背的单词书还是要背。
另外，背单词要注意一下语境，比如这个词汇到底是褒义还是贬义的，放在不同上下文里面也会有差别，这种差别有时候很微妙，但又是各种态度题的出题点，理解不到位的话也容易出错。这类词汇的细节不能不防。
2. 补充话题背景知识
另一个点也是最初比较打我脸的，就是课外阅读的积累。我平时是很喜欢看原版书的，当然纯粹是因为感兴趣，所以看的大部分都是各种原版小说，而且都是偏古早的经典小说。这种积累其实对托福来说也有不匹配的问题。
我一战失利以后在做题过程中发现托福的阅读文章是比较偏学术性的，无论是内容还是用词和我经常看的小说都有很大区别，换句话说我自己积累的阅读量对托福阅读其实没什么用处，最多也就是一些文学类话题的时候比较容易理解，但这类主题的阅读文章数量很少，所以基本上可以忽略不计。
发现这个问题以后我暂时就戒了原版小说，然后也很功利的按照托福阅读的文章话题去找各种类似的原版内容来看，特别是那些我明显看不太懂的文章，还有错误率比较高的阅读文章，我都会专门去补一些基本的常识，这个过程比较痛苦，毕竟看的都是自己其实不感兴趣的话题，我一个文科少女强行去看天文地理的文章真的难受。不过好在托福阅读考这些话题也比较浅，都是基础知识，所以补充了基本常识以后我看这类文章也就没那么面目可憎了。理解能力上去了以后做题目就瞬间轻松了一大截。
这里要戳穿一个说法，就是托福阅读考的都是基础知识就算没有学术背景也能看懂做题。我可以用自己的亲身经历告诉你这就是坑人的。同一篇文章有没有背景知识积累，无论是读文章还是做题都完全是两个概念。那些你平时从来没接触过的话题，什么天文类的宇宙现象，没基础情况下真的很难看懂，说能做题的大概都是连蒙带猜的。
所以我的观点是最好把托福阅读的话题自己过一遍，就用TPO来过，凡是看不懂的主题文章，自己去补背景知识，比如高频的历史类天文地理类还有生物类这3个大类，尽可能多积累些基础知识，对看懂文章做题绝对是有好处的。
托福独立写作“媒体科技类”的素材表达
托福写作科技媒体类题目涉及内容
1.科技的影响(工作、学习、生活)
2.政府 & 科技(太空探索，理论研究)
3.现代媒介 vs传统媒介
4.传媒的作用
必备表达
科技的利弊
Pros
Cutting edge technology 尖端技术
Technological innovations/inventions/advances/progressions 技术创新和进步
1.提高工作效率
Augment/enhance/boost efficiency/productivity
Liberate accountants from repetitive and complex calculations that are Time-consuming and exhausting
2.方便信息检索
Information regarding(concerning/pertaining to) any area can be immediately accessible
Easily obtain/attain/access information
3.促进交流
Facilitate communication /transcend geographical barrier
Communicate on a global scale/across the globe
4.方便生活
Facilitate people’s daily commuting
Multiple household appliances (air-conditioners—enjoy comfortable lives without worrying about whether it is hot,cold or rainy outside; refrigerators preserve food for longer ; vacuum cleaners–energy-saving & time-saving)
5.丰富生活
Spice up/enrich people’s life
Leisure time
Listening to music, surfing the internet or watching digital movies
6.医疗科技
CT-scans and B-type ultrasound scans aid doctors in diagnosing illness for patients
With the invention of certain targeted vaccines, people finally put an end to rampant epidemics/eliminate deadly diseases.
Cons
1.污染
Abuse of industrial chemicals has caused irreversible consequences
Increasing automobiles bring about air pollution
2.伦理问题
Ethnic problems caused by cloning human beings
3.侵犯隐私
Violate/intrude on/infringe on one’s privacy
Infected by viruses & attacked by hackers
4.阻碍交流
Overexposure to…
Socially isolated
Impede/hinder communication
利弊权衡
Double-edged sword 双刃剑
Advantage/merit/strength/benefit 优点
Disadvantage/demerit/weakness/defect/drawback/shortcoming 缺点
(Far) outweigh/overshadow/outshine 大于
投资科技的优点
Inspire/stimulate/nurture/attract scientific minds
Turn out to be fruitful much later
Exert far-reaching/profound effect/impact
社交传媒的利弊
Pros
Disseminate information
Keep in touch with/reconnect with old friends
Bridge previously insurmountable physical distances
Promote public participation and civic engagement
Objective, unbiased and truthful reporting
Inform people with updated news
Cons
The validity of this information cannot always be verified
Misleading, misrepresented, distorted news
托福写作解析：倒装句让你的写作更精彩
倒装句在托福写作中时常运用，一种是完全倒装句;另一种是部分倒装句。
对于英语句子的倒装，有两种情况下需要运用倒装，一是由于语法结构的需要;二是由于修辞的需要。对于这两种情况的倒装，种情况是必须要倒装的，否则你的句子就会出现语法错误;第二种是选择性的倒装，这里只会在表达效果上出现差异。下面小编就带大家一起来看看从修辞功能的需要来看看倒装句为你的托福写作提分。
表现点一：表示强调
倒装句，大家最常见的、最突出的表现形式就是强调，其它表达形式一般有3种形态：
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例： Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
例： so / such…that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
表现点二：承上启下
在写作表达中，有时需要在前一句说到或有联系的人或者是事物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加的紧密，起到一个承上启下的作用，这时候往往会用到倒装句。
例： We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
表现点三：制造悬念，渲染气氛
一般这个表现点在新闻或者文学创作的时候用到的最多，是为了内容的需要，或者为了强调，作者常常运用倒装句来制造悬念，渲染气氛，但是如果想让你的文章丰富多彩，那么使用倒装也不是不可行的。
例如：Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
表现点四：平衡结构
学习英语的人都知道，在英语的修辞中有一个很重要的原则，就是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾有来保持句子的平衡。而在语言使用中为了避免头重脚轻，结构不平衡的句子，通常也会使用倒装句来达到这种效果。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例：On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例：Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
表现点五：使文章描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例：Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
上例句子简洁明了，生动逼真地描述了有关动作，令我们一览倒装句的风采。这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现的更为清晰。
托福写作解析：reduce living expense
如果给朋友推荐reduce living expense的方式：
1. 找一个室友合租
2. 不买最新款的手机，buy less frequently
3. Buy cheap foods and cook home(不要经常在外面吃)
Which way you will recommend to your friend and why?
思路：题目问推荐reduce living expense的方式，选找舍友合租。
三个分论点：
(1)找舍友合租省下的房租费远多于后两种;
(2)找舍友合租还可以在其他方面省钱，比如交通拼车啥的;
(3)让步，找舍友合租固然会有一些不便，但并不严重。
2017年12月17日托福独立写作真题范文
托福写作范文参考：
(开头段：背景引入+他人观点+自己观点+过渡句)
Due to high level of consumptions, young people can usually find themselves stuck in financial deficit. In this case, how to cut down living expenses obviously become an important problem. Some say they may change their mobile phone in a much lower frequency while others propose that they are more willing to cook by themselves in order to save money. However, I consider renting an apartment with a roommate can be the best solution. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.
(分论点1：分论点+展开句+论证)
To begin with, living with a roommate can help us save much more money than cutting down costs in buying new electric devices or cooking at home. The expense of house renting is higher than the money spending on eating stuff or purchasing mobile phone. Take the young working in Shanghai as an example. Renting fees in Shanghai can reach 5,000 RMB to 7000 RMB in average if young people want to live in some convenient districts rather than in some remote areas. If they find a roommate and get the rent shared, he or she can save at least 2,500 RMB per month. When it comes to saving money by stop buying new mobile phone or quitting eating outside, one may only save several hundred RMB one month. So it will be much more effective if one find a roommate to reduce his or her costs on renting than on cellphone or food.
(分论点2：分论点+展开句+论证)
In addition, living with another individual can not only lesson one’s financial pressure in renting fees, but also save money in other aspects. Roommates can share furniture or tools together. For example, when I was just graduate from university, I choose to rent with another girl. When we both moved into our new apartment from our dormitory, the first thing we need to deal with was to buy some necessary items such as cooking pot and sofa, for the house we rent was almost empty—there were only two beds in it. I felt very lucky that I decided to live with another girl rather than living by myself, because I had not to pay all the expenses of buying these equipment myself. Sharing those expenditure with my roommate effectively lessened my financial burden.
(让步段：承认漏洞，削弱其影响)
Admittedly, living with another person can lead to some problems. Sometimes, we may encounter with roommates who are quite annoying, like he or she may have several friends singing and dancing in her room till midnight, which will disturb us a lot. Different life style can result in a bad relationship between us and our roommates. Nevertheless, this kind of terrible situation can be prevented by carefully collecting information of our roommates before we make the decision of renting a house with him or her. If we deliberately choose the individual who own a similar living habit as ours, most of the unsat isfactory cases can be avoided ahead of time.
(结尾段：重述总论点+重述分论点)
To sum up, compared with keeping using old cellphone and cooking by ourselves, living with a roommate is the best solution when young people want to cut down their expenses. Having another people living with us can share renting fees as well as other various kinds of costs. Although it may lead to some inconvenience, we can effectively eliminate these drawbacks by observing and communicating with our potential roommates before we finally pick up the one we are most likely to get along well with.
