托福听力听不懂生词无法做题?5种常见生词类型详细解读
托福听力生词类型：专有名词
在文中出现的人名、地名等专有名词通常对考试没有多大影响。只要考生能够意识到在说的是某个人或者某个地点就行，笔记中的体现可以以大写首字母代替。甚至有的词在考试界面上会出现，考生只需混个眼熟，之后在做题时能认出来就行。
托福听力生词类型：话题类单词术语
托福考试的lecture话题非常广泛，虽然官方指南给出了艺术、生命科学、自然科学和社会科学四大类话题，但事实上这四个话题已经能囊括任何专业知识点了，知识面再广的学生也不可能面面俱到。
当lecture中出现一些专业术语，甚至当这个术语就是考题的中心话题怎么办?既然是术语，文中当然会出现对术语的解释，所以考试只需淡定地等待解释出现即可。常见的说法有：
the definition of is
can be defined as
that/which is
例如：Whatis spectroscopy? Well， the simplestdefinition I can give you is that spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light.
Spectroscopy is basically the study of spectra and spectral lines of light， and specificallyfor us， the light from stars.
这两句话出自不同话题的两篇文章，但都和spectroscopy(光谱学)这个话题相关，并做了定义。前句相对简单通俗，后句几乎是用本词介绍了自己，所以不容易理解，但也能知道这个概念是和光相关的，对做题也能产生辅助的理解作用，至少保证大方向不偏。
托福听力生词类型：解释性语句
为了能帮助考生理解，对于非术语性的一些词和语句，听力原文中也往往存在这样那样的解释。即便单词本身不理解，也可以根据这些解释来了解基本含义。常见的表达方式有：
(by that) Imean..
that /which is
you know
in other words
例如：suddenly it stops and preens， youknow， it takes a few moments to straighten its feathers
后半句中straightenits feather即preen的解释，因此preen可解释为整理，梳理。
托福听力生词类型：同义词近义词
这种方式是文中最容易出现的，在相对较陌生的单词后面紧跟一个或多个同义词。但对于考生来说，出现生词很容易造成恐慌，在慌乱中同义词就过去了，根本无暇顾及。专家提醒广大考生，考试不仅考实力，更是对心态的考验，好的心态往往能起到很大的作用。
例如：many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids， that is， a mixture of styles that wouldnt exactly fitinto any of todays categories.
该句中非常明确指出hybrid即mixture的意思，也就是混合的意思。
got two conflicting drives twocompeting urges
有冲突的动机和相互竞争的主张两者理解其一即可。
托福听力生词类型：逻辑推测
不少考生做听力时会碰到一个问题，即无法做到对文章的整体理解，常常把句子、段落割裂开来听，不管语句之间意义的联系。有时顺着一个句子的逻辑方向去想，有些生词的意思自然就出现了。
inside there is aseed with a hard shell. It appears that the shell has to crack open or breakdown somewhat to allow the seed soak up water.(听到这里如果思考一下为什么种子要吸水，不难想到是为了发芽) Youknow， if their seeds remain inside their shell， they will not germinate. 如果在听前半句时想到了发芽，按照逻辑后半句所说的如果种子无法破壳，那么也就无法发芽了。germinate也就是发芽的意思。
These paintingswere made deep inside a dark cave， where no natural light can penetrate. 在又黑又深的山洞里，自然光当然是无法照射到了，所以penetrate是穿透的意思。
可能有的考生会觉得，新托福听力词汇中的生词在短暂的时间内根本无法思考那么多解决方法。这些方法不应该是一边听一边提醒自己要注意使用，而是养成习惯，变成自己的潜意识，不自觉地使用。
托福听力练习对照文本
I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started.
我知道你们急于拿到你们的许证可然后开始。
But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay.
但有些事情我想提一提，有可能帮助你们在你们停留期间避开麻烦。
First of all, make sure you carry adequate water.
首先，一定要带足够的水。
You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat.
你们将需要它如果你们徒步的话，尤其在这种炎热中。
A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year.
好的做法是在每年的这个时候，每人每天要带一加仑水
Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs.
不要试图依靠公园的天然泉水来提供你所有的水的需求。
And please, do not use soap in the springs.
并且拜托，不要在泉水中使用肥皂。
It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features.
保护公园的自然风貌是你们的责任。
For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creek beds.
对于你们这些想留下度过周末的，你们扎的帐篷一定要远离干燥的河床。
We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly become filled with water, and you and all your equipment might end up washed downstream.
我们可能会遇到大雨，然后这些小河床会迅速成为充满水(的样子)，然后你和你的装备可能最终会被冲到下游去。
When you pick up your permits, you'll also get a park services booklet.
当你拿到你的许可证时，你将另外得到一本公园服务手册。
It'll tell you everything you need to know about the hiking trails.
上面会告诉你所有你需要知道的关于徒步旅行的路线。
They vary in length, of course, but most of them are under five miles—relatively easy day hikes.
当然了，它们在长度上有所不同，当时它们中的大多数是在五英里以下——相对容易的白日徒步(路线/行程)
Remember, if you're hiking solo, make sure you let someone know you're going and when they can expect you back.
记住，如果你是单人徒步，你一定要让别人知道你走了，并且他们能预期你什么时候回来。
And . . . uh, for your own safety, we recommend that you not climb rock faces.
还有……呃，为了你们自身的安全，我们建议你们不要爬岩壁
A lot of the rock throughout the park is very unstable.
公园里遍地都是的岩石很多都非常不稳定。
One final word: watch out for poisonous snakes. Rattlesnake activity is at its peak this time of year, especially at night.
最后一句：小心毒蛇。每年的这个时候是响尾蛇活动的高峰，尤其是在晚上。
For your own good, we recommend wearing protective clothing and carry a flashlight after dark.
为了你们自己好，我们建议穿防护衣，天黑之后要带手电筒。
托福听力练习对照文本
Last week we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in the Puritan colonies.
上周我们谈论过Anne Bradstreet以及在北美殖民地中女性的角色。
Today I want to talk about some other women who've contributed to American history—some famous and some not-so-famous.
今天我想谈谈对美国历史作出贡献的一些其他女性——有些很著名也有些不著名。
The first woman I'd like to talk about is Molly Pitcher.
第一位女性我想要谈论的是Molly Pitcher
Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of the American Revolution.
你们之中那些熟悉这个名字的，可能会作为美国独立战争的英雄而知道她。
But, in fact, there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher.
但是，事实上，从来没有一个女人叫做Molly Pitcher。
Her real name was actually Mary Ludwig Hays.
她真正的名字实际上是Mary Ludwig Hays。
She got the nickname Molly Pitcher for her acts of bravery during the Revolutionary War.
她得到Molly Pitcher这个外号是因为她在革命战争(美国独立战争)期间的英勇表现。
As the story goes, when Mary's—or Molly's—husband, John Hays, enlisted in the artillery, Mary followed, like many other wives did.
据说，当Mary的—或者说 Molly的—丈夫，John Hays，应征参加了炮兵，Mary跟随而去，像很多其他的妻子那样。
She helped out doing washing and cooking for the soldiers.
她帮忙为士兵洗衣做饭。
She was known to be a pretty unusual woman.
她作为一个相当不寻常的女人为人所知。
She smoked a pipe and chewed tobacco.
她抽烟斗，并且嚼烟草。
Anyway, in the summer of 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth, it was a blistering hot day, maybe over a hundred degrees, and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle.
总之，在1778年的夏天，在Monmouth之战，那是极热的一天，也许超过了100度，在战斗期间五十名士兵死于口渴。
Molly wasn't content to stay back at camp.
Molly不满足于留守在营地。
Instead, she ran through gunshots and cannon fire carrying water in pitchers from a small stream out to the thirsty American soldiers.
相反，她跑着穿过枪林弹雨用水罐从小溪中打水送给口渴的美国士兵。
The relief that she brought with her pitchers of water gave her the legendary nickname Molly Pitcher.
她用她水罐里的水带来的安慰(的事迹)，给予了她传奇的绰号Molly Pitcher。
The story also says that she continued to load and fire her husband's cannon after he was wounded.
这个故事还说，她在她丈夫受伤之后继续用他的炮装弹并开火。
They say she was so well liked by the other soldiers that they call her "Sergeant Molly."
据说她是如此地受到其他士兵的喜欢，以至于他们称呼她“Molly军士”
In fact, legend has it that George Washington himself gave her the special military title.
事实上，传说George Washington亲自给予了她这个特殊的军衔。
托福听力练习对照文本
Today we're going to talk about shyness and discuss recent research on ways to help children learn to interact socially.
今天我们将谈论一下羞怯，并且讨论一下最近在帮助孩子们学习社会交往。
Many people consider themselves shy.
许多人认为他们自己害羞。
In fact, forty percent of people who took part in our survey said they were shy.
事实上，参加我们调查的百分之四十的人说他们自己害羞。
That’s two out of every five people.
这是五分之二的人。
And there are studies to indicate that the tendency toward shyness may be inherited.
并且有研究指出害羞的倾向也许是遗传的。
But just because certain children are timid, doesn't mean they are doomed to be shy forever.
但仅仅因为某些孩子是羞怯的，并不意味着他们注定了要永远害羞。
There are things parents, teachers, and the children themselves can do to overcome this tendency and even to prevent it.
有些事情家长，老师，以及孩子们自己能做，来克服这种倾向甚至能避免这事。
One researcher found that if parents gently push their shy children to try new things, they can help these children become less afraid and less inhibited.
一个研究员发现父母们柔和的推动他们的害羞孩子去尝试新事物，他们能帮助那些孩子变得少些恐惧和少些羞怯。
Another way to help shy children is to train them in social skills.
另一个帮助害羞的孩子们的方式是在社交技能方面训练他们。
For example, there are special training groups where children are taught things like looking at other children while talking to them, talking about other people's interests, and even smiling.
举个例子，有些特殊的训练小组，那里孩子们会被教一些东西，诸如在和其他的孩子说话的时候看着他们，谈论关于其他人的兴趣，(过程中)甚至是微笑着的。
These groups have been very successful at giving shy children a place to feel safe and accepted, and at building up their self-esteem.
这些在给予害羞孩子一个感觉安全和被认可的地方方面曾经非常成功，还有在建立他们的自尊(方面也非常成功)
