托福听力对话和讲座类内容叙述结构详细介绍
托福听力内容类型介绍
托福听力从类型可分为两类，对话(conversation)和讲座(lecture)。我们都是到，对话里的场景内容都取材自北美校园生活，讲座则是取材自北美课堂。那么我们来分别分析一下二者异同。
托福听力两种类型区别分析
对话是怎样的?几个人凑一堆，就某一话题事件你一言我一语发表个人看法。在这里，托福听力对话将场景适当简化，一般都是两个人就某一问题的讨论。所以我们所听到的对话中，除了开头那一句交代一下两人身份职位外，是没有任何旁白的。我们平时的生活中，什么和这个特别像??美剧。没错，就是美剧。所以说，我们在听对话的时候，也要带着一颗分析剧情的心来听
那么，剧情是什么?无非就是三条：开头、中间和结尾。开头代表了，一段对话的起因。这段对话缘何而起?两个角色是因为什么矛盾走到一起发生着一段对话?他们想解决的问题是什么?所以各自一出场也就代表了一个立场。那么对话的中间部分，就是两个人解决问题的过程了。在这段过程中，二人分别在各自的立场逐条抛出观点，通过一个又一个的疑问句串起全文。最后一部分，也就是问题的解决。学生开开心心再见，或者牢骚几句后与老师达成一致，具体情况具体分析即可。
与之相比，讲座则有太大的特色。讲座作为学术类的选题，内容的展开其实与说明文超级相似，都是各种总分。文章提出一个总的中心关键词，每一个段落再提出一个其下的子类别关键词，分别都遵循着“专有名词提出、解释说明、举例或详解”一样的套路。
考生了解听力结构有什么用?
如果是大神级考生，基本大部分内容都可以无伤理解，那么在结构上多投入精力会帮助你大幅提高理解文章的能力，甚至预测下文都不在话下。但如果基础相对薄弱，在背单词和听写提高基本理解的同时，那么把握文章基本段落结构也是帮助大家理清思路的有力武器!
托福听力练习对照文本
So, uh . . . as Jim said, James Polk was the eleventh President, and . . . uh . . . well, my report's about the next President—Zachary Taylor. Taylor was elected in 1849.
那么，呃……就像Jim所说，James Polk曾经是第十一任总统，并且……呃……好，我的报告是关于下任总统– Zachary Taylor。Taylor于1849年当选。
It's surprising because . . . well, he was the first President that didn't have any previous political experience.
令人惊讶的是因为……好吧，他是第一个在之前没有任何政治经验的总统。
The main reason he was chosen as a candidate was because he was a war hero.
他被选作候选人的主要原因是他曾是一个战争英雄。
In the army, his men called him "Old Rough and Ready". I guess because of his . . . "rough edges."
在军队中，他的手下叫他“大老粗”。我猜是因为他的…… “棱角”
He was kind of blunt and he didn't really look like a military hero.
他有些直率，而且他真的看起来不像一个战斗英雄。
He liked to do things like wear civilian clothes instead of a uniform, even in battle.
他喜欢做的事情，比如穿便服而不是制服，即使是在战斗中。
And he was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse.
而且他是如此的矮和粗壮，他不得不被抬到他的马上。
But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular.
但他的确赢了很多战争，而且他变得越来越受欢迎。
So, the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency, even though no one knew anything about where he stood on the issues.
所以，辉格党决定提名他参加总统竞选，即使没人知道他站在议题的哪一端。
I couldn't find much about his accomplishments, probably because he was only in office about a year and a half before he died.
我没能找到很多关于他的成就，可能是因为他在去世前仅仅执政了一年半。
But one thing, he pushed for the development of the transcontinental railroad because he thought it was important to form a link with the West Coast.
但有一件事，他努力争取了横穿大陆的铁路线的发展，因为他认为同西海岸形成一个连接是很重要的。
There was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff.
在California 和 Oregon有大量的源自商业和矿产等的财富。
Also, he established an agricultural bureau in the Department of the Interior and promoted more government aid to agriculture.
并且，他在内政部建立了一个农业局，并且促进了对于农业的更多的国家援助。
Well, that's about all I found. Like I said, he died in office in 1850, so his Vice President took over, and that's the next report, so . . . thank you.
好，这就是我所有的发现。就像我说过的，他于1850年在任时去世，因此他的副总统接任，这是下一个报告，那么……谢谢大家。
托福听力练习对照文本
I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia.
我想要欢迎每一位气球爱好者来到Philadelphia
Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States.
感谢大家今天早上来到这里纪念在美国的第一次气球航行。
On January 9, 1793, at ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country.
在1793年1月9日，上午十点钟，一个丝质气球在这个城市上空升起，这里，在当时，是国家的首都。
According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey.
根据飞行的原始记录，这次航行持续了46分钟，从它的出发地Philadelphia到它穿过Delaware河着陆在New Jersey。
Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, they're at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they'll drift off to.
虽然我们的飞行员今天将试图去接近最初的着陆地点，他们还要受到风的支配，所以谁知道他们将飘到哪里去。
Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain weather that day.
即使是在1793年，气球驾驶者那天也经历了一些变幻莫测的天气
There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions.
有云，雾，并且薄雾在不同的方向上。
Our reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular.
我们的场景重现，发誓要成为完全的盛景。
The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high.
在我正后方的黄色气球有五层楼高。
It's inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and, unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive.
它充满了氦气，和原来不同，那个是充的氢气，飞行员不知道的是，有爆炸的可能性。
Gas-filled models are pretty uncommon now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today's launch are hot air, heated by propane burners.
因为极高的成本，充气的型号现在很少见。所以今天起飞的另外80是个气球是热气(球)，由丙烷燃烧器加热。
These balloons are from all over the country.
这些气球来自全国各地。
托福听力练习对照文本
I'm glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the Earth's interior.
我很高兴你们提出我们进入地球内部的组成的调查的问题。
In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it.
事实上，由于这是你们下次阅读作业的课题，让我花上这最后几分钟的课堂时间来谈一下它。
There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologists develop a more accurate picture of the Earth's interior.
本世纪早期有一些重要的发现，能够帮助地质学家开发出一个更精确的地球内部的图片。
The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves.
第一个关键的发现不得不同地震波相关。
Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes.
要记得他们是地震引起的震动。
Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the Earth's interior.
好的，科学家发现他们穿过地球内部通行了数千英里。
This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the Earth.
这个发现是的地质学家更够研究地球的内部。
You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were of two types: compression or P waves and shear or S waves.
你看，这些研究显示这些震动是两种类型：涨缩波或者说P波和畸变波或者说S波。
And researchers found that P waves travel through both liquids and solids, while S waves travel only through solid matter.
同时研究人员发现P波能穿行液体和固体两种，而s波只能穿行固体物质。
In 1906, a British geologist discovered that P waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper.
在1906年，一个英国地质学家发现P波在一定的深度会减速，但是会继续穿行更深。
On the other hand, S waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core.
另一方面，S波要么消失，或者被反射，所以他推断这个深度标示了固态地幔和液态地核的界限。
Three years later, another boundary was discovered that between the mantle and the Earth's crust.
三年后，另一个分界线被发现，是在地幔和地壳之间。
There's still a lot to be learned about the Earth.
关于地球还有许多要学习的。
For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes. But we're still not sure what the source of the heat is.
举例来说，地质学家知道地核是热的。这点的证据是火山中流出的熔岩。但我们依然不知道热源是什么。
